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M9490106.TXT
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1994-09-03
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Document 0106
DOCN M9490106
TI Viral inactivation in platelet concentrates.
DT 9411
AU Dodd RY; American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD 20855.
SO Transfus Clin Biol. 1994;1(3):181-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/94319513
AB Although the current risk of posttransfusion infection is very low in
North America and Western Europe, there continues to be considerable
interest in measures to inactivate residual viruses in blood components.
The human immunodeficiency virus is of greatest concern, but hepatitis C
virus is also considered to be a significant problem. HTLV-I and -II and
HBV may also be transmitted by transfusion, although infrequently. It is
likely that effective inactivation methods will have to reduce viral
titers by about 6 orders of magnitude, including both viruses found free
in plasma and those in intracellular compartments. Although it would be
most desirable to have a single procedure to inactivate viruses in all
blood components, it appears that different methods may be required for
plasma, red cells and platelets. To date, the most promising approach
for platelets appears to be photochemical inactivation. In general,
photoactive compounds fall into two major groups: photodynamic dyes
which are activated by visible light and act by oxygen dependent
generation of reactive molecular species; and ultraviolet-activated
intercalating compounds which form covalent adducts with nucleic acids.
We have found that photodynamic inactivators are unable to inactivate
viruses in platelet concentrates without damaging the platelets. On the
other hand, we have shown that aminomethyl trimethyl psoralen (AMT),
when activated by long-wavelength ultraviolet light (UVA) can inactivate
more than 5 logs of model viruses and HIV while platelet in vitro
properties are maintained. Further, unlike photodynamic inactivators,
AMT is able to inactivate cell-associated and intracellular viruses and
also prevents the replication of integrated HIV genome sequences, as
demonstrated by PCR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DE Blood Platelets/*MICROBIOLOGY Ficusin/PHARMACOLOGY Human Methylene
Blue Photosensitizing Agents/PHARMACOLOGY Platelet
Transfusion/*ADVERSE EFFECTS Risk Factors Ultraviolet Rays Virus
Diseases/*TRANSMISSION JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).